UNDERSTANDING MIGRATION DYNAMICS IN SCHEDULED CASTE COMMUNITIES: EVIDENCE FROM THIRUVANNAMALAI AND VILLUPURAM DISTRICTS

Abstract

Migration remains a critical livelihood strategy for marginalised communities across India, particularly among Scheduled Caste (SC) households who continue to face historical disadvantages, landlessness, and unequal access to employment. This study explores the key factors driving migration among SC communities in Thiruvannamalai and Villupuram districts of Tamil Nadu. Based on mixed-method data—including household surveys, field interviews, and secondary sources—the research examines economic drivers, social constraints, demographic trends, gendered experiences, and the role of migration networks. Findings demonstrate that economic insecurity remains the most prominent push factor; however, caste-based discrimination, aspirations for upward mobility, and structural vulnerabilities significantly shape migration decisions. The discussion contextualises these patterns within existing migration literature, while the conclusion emphasises policy implications to ensure safer, more equitable migration pathways.