THE ROLE OF TELEHEALTH IN ADDRESSING HEALTHCARE ACCESS AND EQUITY IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Telehealth has rapidly evolved from pilot programs to a mainstream care delivery modality, particularly accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Its potential to expand primary care access and address health disparities has generated significant interest among policymakers, providers, and researchers.

Objective: This systematic review synthesizes peer-reviewed evidence on telehealth’s effectiveness in improving primary care access and promoting health equity, with a focus on diverse populations, implementation barriers, and policy considerations.

Methods: A PRISMA-guided systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies (2010–2025) included RCTs, observational studies, mixed-methods research, and systematic reviews reporting on telehealth interventions in primary care contexts and their impact on access and equity outcomes. Data were extracted and narratively synthesized.

Results: Fifteen studies were included, covering interventions such as video visits, remote monitoring, mobile clinics, and integrated virtual care. Evidence showed increased access for rural and underserved groups, improved chronic disease management, and high patient satisfaction. However, digital divides, regulatory barriers, and unequal technology adoption persist, threatening equitable implementation.

Conclusions: Telehealth shows promise for addressing primary care gaps and disparities but must be supported by policies targeting broadband access, digital literacy, and equitable reimbursement. Sustained investment and inclusive design are essential for realizing telehealth’s equity potential.