AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN B AND D INTAKE AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG SAUDI ADULTS

Abstract

Background: Although prior research has suggested a role for vitamins B and D in supporting mental well-being, evidence regarding their relationship with depression in general populations remains inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the association between self-reported intake of vitamins B and D, depressive symptoms, beliefs about mental health benefits, and consultation behaviors among Saudi adults.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 618 adults in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire assessed supplement use, depression symptoms, and consultation frequency with healthcare professionals. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ordinal logistic regression, and predictive probability models.

Results: No statistically significant association was found between the frequency of vitamin B or D intake and reported depression severity. While 85% of participants believed in the mental health benefits of these vitamins, 40% had never consulted a healthcare provider before using supplements. Participants who reported frequent consultation exhibited lower probabilities of severe depression symptoms, whereas those who rarely or never consulted showed higher severity levels.

Conclusion: These findings indicate that self-directed vitamin supplementation may not substantially reduce depressive symptoms in the absence of professional guidance. Encouraging consultation with healthcare providers and integrating mental health awareness into nutritional education may enhance supplement use effectiveness. Future studies should incorporate objective nutrient assessments and standardized clinical tools to clarify these associations.