RISK OF FALL AMONG THE ELDERLY AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN RURAL AREAS OF THIRUVALLUR DISTRICT: A CROSS SECTIONAL ANALYTICAL STUDY

Abstract

Introduction: Falls represent a significant public health issue for the elderly, especially in rural regions where healthcare access is limited. Physiological changes associated with aging and cognitive decline heighten the likelihood of falls, resulting in considerable physical, psychological, and financial repercussions. This research seeks to evaluate the prevalence of fall risk and its correlation with cognitive impairment among older adults in the rural Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu, India. Gaining insight into these factors is crucial for creating targeted interventions that can mitigate fall risk and enhance the quality of life for this at-risk population.

Objectives: This cross-sectional study seeks to evaluate the prevalence and contributing factors associated with fall risk among elderly individuals residing in rural Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu. Additionally, it aims to investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment and fall risk. The results will guide the development of targeted interventions designed to decrease the incidence of falls and enhance the quality of life for the elderly.

Materials & Methods:This analytical cross-sectional study involved around 90 elderly individuals aged 60 years and older from rural Tiruvallur, who were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through interviews utilizing a pretested, Tamil-translated semi-structured questionnaire that evaluated socio-demographics, cognitive function (Mini-Cog test), and fall risk (Berg Balance Scale). Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS v24, applying descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests for associations, and multivariate logistic regression to investigate the factors affecting cognitive function and fall risk while accounting for confounding variables.

Results: The research indicated that most elderly participants were aged 70 or older, with a slight predominance of females and varied educational backgrounds. Common comorbidities observed included visual impairment, osteoarthritis, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease.Statistical analysis demonstrated significant correlations between cognitive impairment and factors such as advanced age, osteoarthritis, hypertension, visual impairment, and fear of falling. These factors independently heightened the risk of cognitive decline, highlighting the necessity for focused management of comorbidities. The results underscore the significance of addressing these health concerns to enhance cognitive health and overall quality of life for the elderly.

Conclusion: This research highlights the significance of tackling both psychological and physical risk factors that contribute to the fear of falling in older adults, with the aim of enhancing their mobility, confidence, and overall well-being. Timely identification and specific interventions can help decrease dependency and social isolation, thereby fostering independence and promoting healthy aging. Subsequent studies should concentrate on these risk factors to create effective screening and prevention strategies.