LONG-TERM IMPACT OF PEDIATRIC DENGUE ON COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN CHILDREN AGED 10–15 YEARS: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY

Abstract

Background: Dengue fever is a significant public health issue in many tropical countries, causing acute illness with recognized neurological complications in severe cases. However, subtle long-term cognitive impacts in children post-dengue infection remain under-investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal effects of dengue infection on cognitive functions, including memory, attention, and executive function, in children aged 10 to 15 years.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study conducted at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India, 34 children who had recovered from dengue infection and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were assessed at 6 and 12 months post-infection. Cognitive domains were assessed using standardized neuropsychological tests, and scores were compared between groups over time.

Results: At both 6 and 12 months, children with prior dengue infection demonstrated significantly lower scores in memory, attention, and executive function compared to controls (p < 0.001 for all domains and both time points). Although some improvement was observed at 12 months, deficits remained significant, indicating persistent cognitive impairment.

Conclusion: Pediatric dengue infection is associated with long-lasting deficits in key cognitive domains, which may adversely affect academic performance and psychosocial development. Awareness and longitudinal monitoring of neurocognitive outcomes should be integrated with pediatric dengue care. Further research is essential to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop rehabilitative strategies.