COMPARISON OF CHANGES IN PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS (PFTS) PRE- AND POST-BLOOD DONATION

Abstract

Background:

Blood donation plays a crucial role in public health, addressing the urgent need for blood supplies. Whole blood donation involves the removal of about 500 ml of blood, approximately 10% of the total blood volume, triggering compensatory mechanisms involving the sympathetic nervous system and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Evaluating pulmonary function before and after blood donation can help ensure donor safety and identify any respiratory concerns.

Aim and Objective:

This study aims to assess the changes in pulmonary function before and after blood donation, providing insights into the implications for donor safety and comfort.

Methodology:

A prospective observational study was conducted at Saveetha Medical College, Chennai, from December to April. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), including Spirometry, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR), and Breath-hold tests, were performed on 100 blood donors before and after donation. The inclusion criteria were donors aged 18 to 65 years, while those who did not consent to PFTs were excluded.

Results:

Significant improvements in pulmonary function parameters were observed post-donation. Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) increased from 79.69 (SD = 10.135) to 81.98 (SD = 11.969) (t = 4.383, p < 0.001). Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) rose from 80.13 (SD = 10.612) to 82.08 (SD = 11.902) (t = 3.747, p < 0.001). Forced Expiratory Flow at 25-75% (FEF25-75) improved from 85.03 (SD = 18.798) to 87.38 (SD = 20.385) (t = 2.984, p = 0.004). PEFR increased from 442.70 (SD = 95.34) to 471.50 (SD = 87.89) (t = 7.635, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates significant short-term improvements in pulmonary function following blood donation, highlighting the effectiveness of the body's compensatory mechanisms. Further research is needed to understand the long-term effects of repeated donations. Implementing strategies such as pre-hydration and applied muscle tension during phlebotomy could enhance donor safety and experience.