DIGITAL INNOVATION AND DATA GOVERNANCE IN SAUDI HEALTHCARE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS, AND RESIDENCY DATA CHALLENGES IN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS

Abstract

Saudi Arabia is undergoing a major transformation in its healthcare system through the integration of digital technologies, in alignment with its Vision 2030 objectives. This systematic review explores the intersection of digital innovation and data governance in Saudi emergency departments, focusing on three key areas: artificial intelligence (AI), electronic medical records (EMRs), and residency data challenges. A total of 38 peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2024 were analyzed across themes of technological implementation, system interoperability, data quality, and privacy. Findings reveal promising AI applications for triage and diagnostics, widespread but uneven EMR adoption, and persistent gaps in residency and demographic data integration. However, the review also highlights significant data governance obstacles, including inconsistent data standards, limited interoperability, weak cybersecurity measures, and the absence of real-time data validation. To address these challenges, the paper recommends the development of national data standards, stronger legal frameworks for data protection, improved digital literacy among emergency staff, and enhanced integration of health data with national residency systems. These recommendations aim to support a more resilient, efficient, and equitable emergency healthcare infrastructure in the Kingdom.