THE RHEUMATOLOGY OF DIABETES: A COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS AND COMORBIDITIES

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Musculoskeletal conditions are common in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) and are frequently accompanied by systemic comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and neuropathy. These conditions can significantly affect the quality of life and clinical outcomes. To investigate the spectrum of musculoskeletal manifestations in diabetic and non-diabetic patients and evaluate their associated comorbidities and inflammatory profiles.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 patients at a tertiary care hospital. Data collected included demographic details, duration of diabetes, HbA1c levels, types of musculoskeletal involvement, presence of neuropathies, and comorbidities. Laboratory parameters such as ESR, CRP, fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PPBS), and lipid profiles were analyzed.

Results: 60% male and 40% female participants, with 50% aged 40-60 years. Large joint involvement (40%) was the most common, followed by osteoarthritis (30%), and polyarthralgia (20%).Hypertension (40%) and peripheral neuropathy (35%) were the most prevalent. Elevated mean ESR (28 mm/hr) and CRP (12 mg/L) levels were noted in patients with severe musculoskeletal symptoms. Poor glycemic control (mean HbA1c: 8.4%) was associated with increased manifestation frequency.

Conclusion: Musculoskeletal manifestations are prevalent among diabetic patients, with significant coexisting comorbidities and elevated inflammatory markers. Routine screening and integrated management strategies are essential for improving outcomes in this population. Further studies with larger cohorts are warranted to confirm these findings and develop targeted interventions.