THE TREND OF KHULA AMONG WORKING WOMEN IN CONTEMPORARY PESHAWAR: PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS, CAUSES AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES

Abstract

In recent years, the phenomenon of khula has shown a noticeable increase among working women in Peshawar, reflecting wider social, economic, and cultural transformations in contemporary society. This study examines the growing trend of khula among employed women, with a particular focus on identifying the key factors contributing to marital dissolution and exploring effective preventive measures. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques to ensure a comprehensive analysis. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews with working women who have sought khula, as well as legal practitioners and family counsellors. Secondary data were obtained from court records, academic literature, and relevant Islamic jurisprudential sources.

The findings indicate that financial independence, shifting gender roles, marital incompatibility, domestic conflict, lack of awareness regarding marital rights and obligations, and the influence of modern social norms play a significant role in women’s decisions to seek khula. The study also reveals that increased legal awareness and easier access to family courts have empowered women to pursue legal separation when marital reconciliation fails. Furthermore, the research highlights gaps in marital communication, family support systems, and religious guidance as contributing factors.

Based on the findings, the study proposes several preventive measures, including premarital and postmarital counselling, strengthened family mediation mechanisms, religious education rooted in Islamic principles, and targeted awareness programs for both spouses. By integrating empirical data with Islamic and social perspectives, this research offers a balanced understanding of the issue and provides practical recommendations aimed at reducing marital conflict and promoting family stability among working women in contemporary Peshawar.