FREQUENCY OF LEFT VENTRICULAR THROMBUS FORMATION AFTER ACUTE ST ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Abstract

Background: Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Among its complications, Left Ventricular Thrombus (LVT) is clinically significant due to its association with systemic embolization and stroke. Despite advances in reperfusion strategies, LVT continues to occur, particularly following ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Objective: To determine the frequency of left ventricular thrombus after acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, from 18th June 2025 to 17th October 2025. A total of 200 patients aged 30–70 years with acute anterior wall STEMI were enrolled using non-probability consecutive sampling. LVT was assessed using transthoracic echocardiography on the 5th day of admission. Data regarding demographic and clinical variables were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 26.

Results: The mean age of patients was 54.2 ± 9.8 years, with male predominance (68%). LVT was detected in 54 patients (27%), consistent with previously reported frequencies. A significantly higher frequency of LVT was observed in patients with anterior wall MI, diabetes mellitus, and reduced left ventricular function (p ≤ 0.05). Smoking and hypertension were also associated with increased risk, though not statistically significant.

Conclusion: LVT remains a frequent complication after acute anterior wall STEMI despite contemporary management. Early echocardiographic screening is essential for timely diagnosis and prevention of thromboembolic complications such as stroke.