ASPECTS OF HEALTH-RELATED HARM CAUSED BY AI (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)

Abstract

Introduction: The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into everyday life, particularly through social media, digital assistants, and conversational systems, raises concerns about potential impacts on mental health. AI applications are increasingly used for interpersonal, advisory, and health-related purposes, yet their possible health-related consequences remain insufficiently clarified.

Objectives: This paper aims to systematically examine whether artificial intelligence can cause psychological harm or exacerbate existing mental health problems. A particular focus is placed on distinguishing direct causes of mental disorders from indirect effects on well-being and psychological health.

Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted using the databases PubMed, Cochrane, Springer Link, Google Scholar, and Elsevier (Scopus). German and English search terms related to AI, psychological harm, and mental health were applied. Review articles, empirical studies, and reports from international organizations were included.

Results: The reviewed literature indicates that AI does not directly cause mental disorders in a clinical sense. However, evidence suggests that AI-based applications may indirectly affect psychological well-being through problematic usage patterns, increased screen time, social substitution, and algorithm-driven content amplification. Children and adolescents appear to be particularly vulnerable.

Conclusions: Artificial intelligence should not be considered a direct cause of mental illness, but it can function as an amplifying factor for psychological stress. Preventive strategies, education, and the responsible design and use of AI systems are essential to reduce potential risks to mental health.