SOCIAL INTEGRATION OF AFGHAN REFUGEES IN PAKISTAN: CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES

Abstract

The present study followed a social constructivist approach as a philosophical world view to explore challenges to and opportunities of social integration of Afghan refugees in Pakistan. After summarizing the current status, recent perceptual changes in hosting communities, and the state, the concept of social integration is presented concisely. A few research questions were constructed to explore their satisfactory answers. Why has the perception of Afghan refugees (ARs) changed over the last two decades? Why has the open-door policy been converted to close door policy by the hosting communities and the State? How can social integration be strengthened? What Opportunities do ARs have for social integration? Documentary evidence has been gathered to provide satisfactory answers to the first two research questions, while for the remaining research questions, influential members from both (Refugee & Hosting) communities participated. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and open discussions in stakeholders’ meetings. The result showed that ARs are perceived as security threats and economic burden on the state; ARs are also considered as people difficult to live with; AR are illiterate and ill-tempered people. It was recommended that the repatriation process be expedited because Pakistan's economy is not strong enough to support millions of AR. It was also recommended that opportunities for social integration, such as celebrating common religious events, educational services, health services, and livelihood opportunities, be increased to strengthen during AR's stay in Pakistan, with financial support from the international community.