BLACK GRAM PRICE DYNAMICS IN INDIA: A TIME SERIES INQUIRY INTO TRENDS, VOLATILITY, AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Agricultural commodity prices play a pivotal role in shaping the livelihoods of millions of farmers, influencing food affordability for consumers, and determining national food security strategies. Among these, pulses—and especially Black Gram (Urd bean)—hold significant importance in India’s dietary patterns, farming systems, and agro-economy. Known for its high protein content and wide consumption, Black Gram is cultivated primarily in rainfed regions, making it vulnerable to climatic conditions, input availability, and market dynamics (Kumar & Reddy, 2020).