PHILOSOPHICAL DIMENSIONS OF THE URDU NOVEL: A CRITICAL STUDY

Abstract

This research article examines the close relationship between the novel and the philosophy of life, with special reference to Urdu novels. It argues that a novel is deeply rooted in the lived experiences, observations, emotions, and intellectual perspectives of the novelist. A writer cannot completely separate personal identity, feelings, and worldview from creative work; therefore, every novel reflects, directly or indirectly, a particular philosophy of life. Rather than preaching moral lessons openly, novelists present their ideas through characters, events, and situations, allowing readers to understand life’s deeper meanings on their own.

The article discusses how philosophical ideas such as destiny and free will, the nature of time, life and death, good and evil, social justice, spiritual struggle, and human helplessness are repeatedly explored in Urdu novels. It traces the historical development of the Urdu novel from the post-1857 period to contemporary times, highlighting the contributions of major novelists such as Maulvi Nazir Ahmed, Abdul Halim Sharar, Mirza Hadi Ruswa, Premchand, Ismat Chughtai, Qurratulain Hyder, Bano Qudsia’sIntizar Hussain, and others. Each writer is shown to represent a distinct philosophy shaped by social, political, moral, and cultural conditions of their time.

The study concludes that philosophy and the Urdu novel are inseparable. Every Urdu novel carries a reflection of its author’s philosophical outlook and the spirit of the age. Through narrative art, the Urdu novel not only portrays life but also interprets it, making it a powerful medium for understanding human existence and social realities.