CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND HEALTHCARE GAPS IN JAZAN HEALTH CLUSTER, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

Abstract

The review aimed to evaluate cancer incidence and types prevalent, assess healthcare systems and preventive strategies, identify risk factors, evaluate awareness and screening practices, and propose demographic-specific improvements. A systematic review of cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, retrospective studies, and qualitative studies published up to the start of 2024, focusing on Jazan and parallel regions of Saudi Arabia, was undertaken. Results indicate a high incidence of oral cancer due to smokeless tobacco, mainly Shamma, plus high colorectal cancer incidence in the country, but low Jazan rates. Knowledge of cancer risks and factors is high to moderate for breast and oral cancers. However, due to cultural barriers and infrastructural limitations, screening rates are dismally low. Evaluations of the healthcare system on its own indicate the absence of targeted screening initiatives, minimal smoking cessation services, low provider-patient engagement, and, particularly, in colorectal and lung cancer. These recommendations are demographic, methodological, and integration of molecular research gaps. Overall, the findings indicate the need for longitudinal studies and improved healthcare systems.  Evidence-based policies that address cultural, socioeconomic, and infrastructural obstacles are necessary to augment cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment prognosis among Jazan's disadvantaged populations.