THE EFFICACY OF NEUROFEEDBACK ON NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL REGULATION AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES IN CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS: A LONGITUDINAL MIXED-METHODS ANALYSIS

Abstract

This study analysed a long-term audio-visual neurofeedback training program for Malaysian children with developmental disorders. Seven children aged four to eight completed over 72 sessions across six months to three years. A qualitative quasi-experimental design used pre- and post-test that combines EEG brainwave data with qualitative observations and parent interviews. The Brain Function Analysis framework helped analyse the EEG data. Quantitative results showed significant improvements in Brain Arousal, Physical Stress, and Mental Stress (p<0.05) and these changes matched qualitative findings of improved attention, speech, and behavioural regulation. Long-term neurofeedback training is an effective non-invasive program; it promotes lasting brain changes for functional improvements. The study highlights the value of combining brain data with qualitative observations and the BFA framework for personalised treatment and outcome measurement.