PREVALENCE OF SCOLIOSIS, FLAT FOOT, AND LOW BACK PAIN AMONG FEMALE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT TAIBAH UNIVERSITY

Abstract

Background: This study examines the prevalence of scoliosis, flat feet, and low back pain among girls students at Taibah University. Scoliosis affects 19% of individuals in Almadinah Almonawarah, primarily women, while flat feet impact 20-37% of the population, leading to potential injuries. Low back pain (LBP) has an incidence rate of 18.8% to 53.5% in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 171 female students aged between 18 and 25 years, after obtaining ethical clearance. Recruitment was done through university-wide announcements. The evaluation process included the Adam Forward Bending Test to screen for scoliosis, the Oswestry Disability Index to assess low back pain, and both the Foot Posture Index and the Navicular Drop Test to identify flat-foot conditions.

Results: Statistical analyses of the 171 female participants were conducted using descriptive statistics via Microsoft Excel 365. The average age was 20.56 years, with a weight of 55.52 kg, height of 157.67 cm, and BMI of 22.33. The Oswestry Disability Index score averaged 9.27, indicating minimal disability for 86.5% of participants. Spinal assessments revealed normal thoracic angles in 82.5% and normal lumbar alignment in 92.4%. Foot posture analysis showed 50.3% neutral left feet and 55.6% neutral right feet. Navicular Drop Test results indicated normal function in 62.0% of left feet and 78.4% of right feet, with mild to moderate pronation observed but no excessive pronation or supination.

Conclusion: Our study highlights a significant prevalence of scoliosis, flat feet, and LBPamong girls students at Taibah University. These musculoskeletal issues can negatively influence physical function and overall quality of life, underscoring the importance of early detection and focused intervention programs. Increasing awareness and adopting preventive measures are crucial to reducing long-term consequences. Additional research is recommended to better understand the relationships among these conditions.