THE IMPACT OF ADHESIVE SYSTEMS ON THE BOND STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF RESIN-BASED RESTORATIONS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Adhesive systems are integral to the success and longevity of resin-based restorations, directly influencing bond strength, marginal adaptation, and clinical durability. With continuous advancements in monomer chemistry and application techniques, understanding the comparative effectiveness of different adhesive systems remains critical.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence on the impact of various adhesive systems—including total-etch, self-etch, and universal adhesives—on bond strength and restoration performance in enamel, dentin, and restorative interfaces.

Methods: Twelve peer-reviewed studies published between 2013 and 2025 were systematically reviewed following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Data were extracted on adhesive type, substrate, testing method, and bond performance. Both in vitro and in vivo outcomes were analyzed narratively due to methodological heterogeneity.

Results: Findings revealed that universal adhesives demonstrate comparable or superior bond strength to traditional systems while offering simplified clinical protocols. Surface pretreatments such as laser roughening and bur abrasion significantly improved micromechanical retention. Dual-cure and bulk-fill systems showed higher micro-tensile bond strengths when paired with compatible adhesives. Clinical trials confirmed that appropriate adhesive selection enhances retention and reduces marginal degradation over time.

Conclusion: Adhesive system choice profoundly affects restoration longevity. Universal and self-etch systems provide versatility and adequate performance, yet clinical success remains technique-sensitive. Future research should focus on bioactive adhesive development and long-term clinical validation.