THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SILVER DIAMINE FLUORIDE IN ARRESTING DENTAL CARIES IN CHILDREN: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Background: Dental caries remains the most prevalent chronic condition among children worldwide. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has emerged as a promising non-invasive intervention for arresting and preventing caries, especially in pediatric populations and underserved settings.

Objective: To systematically review the clinical evidence on the effectiveness of SDF in arresting dental caries in children, assessing protocols, comparative efficacy, and safety profiles.

Methods: This review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and meta-analyses published between 2005 and 2025. Eligible studies involved children under 12 years, assessed SDF protocols, and reported caries arrest outcomes. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane and Newcastle–Ottawa tools.

Results: A total of 15 studies were included. SDF concentrations of 38% applied semiannually showed the highest caries arrest rates (up to 89%). Compared to fluoride varnish, GIC, or no treatment, SDF consistently demonstrated superior or comparable outcomes. Adverse events were minimal, with black staining of lesions as the most frequent concern.

Conclusion: SDF is an effective, low-cost intervention for pediatric dental caries, particularly suitable for community and school-based settings. While aesthetic concerns persist, its therapeutic value in reducing untreated decay and preventing disease progression is well established.