ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF THE PRINCIPAL ELEMENTS OF THE HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

Abstract

One of the world's first and greatest urban cultures was the Harappan or Indus Valley Civilization. This invention revolutionised city planning, technology, and social order. Its rise was difficult, starting with Neolithic and Chalcolithic communities growing gradually. For centuries, scholars have studied this society's well-planned towns, regular weights and measures, strange writing, and huge trading networks. However, the roots of this complex society and the things that sped up its growth are still being discussed and studied. In this essay, the basic parts of the Harappan Civilization are studied in detail, from its beginnings as early farming communities to its peak as a fully developed city-state. It looks at the scientific, social, and environmental factors that led to its growth and then at the ideas that explain why it eventually died out.