YOGA, INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, AND TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN INDIA: LEGAL AND ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

Yoga, a significant aspect of Indian culture, has transcended its origins to establish itself as a universally embraced practice. This widespread acceptance, however, brings forth important legal and ethical dilemmas surrounding ownership, cultural appropriation, and the safeguarding of traditional wisdom. India's Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) framework, which draws upon national laws and international agreements, aims to protect these invaluable cultural traditions (WIPO., 2018). This article delves into the integration of yoga—representing a collective manifestation of traditional knowledge—within India's intellectual property legal structure. It analyzes the contributions of the Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) and highlights judicial rulings that recognize yoga as part of the public domain (CSIR-TKDL., 2021). Moreover, it discusses the ethical concerns surrounding the commercialization of spiritual practices. By synthesizing legal, philosophical, and ethical viewpoints, this paper underscores the necessity for IPR policies that are attuned to cultural sensitivities. Such mechanisms are essential for preserving India's rich heritage and fostering fair collaboration on the global stage.