THE ROLE OF PARAMEDICS IN RESPONDING TO DROWNING AND NEAR-DROWNING EMERGENCIES

Abstract

Background: Drowning and near-drowning pose significant public health challenges worldwide, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Early and effective prehospital care by paramedics is crucial in improving survival and neurological outcomes. This review examines the role of paramedics in the initial management, rescue, and advanced interventions for drowning emergencies.

Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on epidemiology, pathophysiology, prehospital assessment, rescue techniques, airway management, ventilation, resuscitation protocols, advanced interventions, and special population considerations relevant to paramedic care in drowning and near-drowning situations.

Results: Paramedics play an essential role in rapid extrication, airway securing, oxygenation, and ventilation, prioritizing rescue breaths before chest compressions due to the hypoxic nature of drowning. Advanced airway management, fluid resuscitation, and appropriate transport decisions are pivotal. Cervical spine immobilization is reserved for suspected trauma cases. Emerging technologies and evolving protocols continue to enhance prehospital care quality.

Conclusions: Effective paramedic interventions focused on early airway management and oxygenation significantly impact drowning outcomes. Continued research, training, and technological integration are necessary to optimize prehospital drowning care and reduce mortality and neurological sequelae.