IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS AND EMERGING IMMUNOTHERAPIES IN TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS: THE ROLE OF TEPLIZUMAB IN DISEASE MODULATION

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), a complex chronic disease with an intricate etiology and pathogenesis, involves the recognition of self-antigens by pancreatic islet autoantigen-specific T cells and plays crucial roles in both early and late-stage destruction of beta cells, thus impacting disease progression. Antigen-specific T cells regulate and execute immune responses by recognizing antigens, playing broad roles in treating various diseases. Immunotherapy targeting antigen-specific T cells holds promising potential as a targeted treatment approach.

Aim of the study: This review outlines the pathogenesis of diabetes, emphasizing the pivotal role of pancreatic islet autoantigen-specific T cells in the progression and treatment of T1DM. Exploring this avenue in research holds promise for identifying novel therapeutic targets for effectively managing diabetes.

Materials and methods: This review is a comprehensive search of PUBMED from 2015 to 2025.

Conclusion: Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune ailment that requires a tremendous amount of medical care and lifelong follow-ups that can often become burdensome to the finances of the patients. Advancements in patient care and better treatment modalities can benefit the patient and decrease the burden on healthcare facilities. Immunotherapy is a promising approach to provide better care to such patients.