ACUTE METABOLIC COMPLICATIONS IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: A REVIEW OF THE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

Abstract

Diabetes management in the emergency department (ED) is critical due to the potential for acute complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), and severe hypoglycemia. Effective management protocols in the ED should include guidelines for assessing blood glucose levels, administering insulin, and addressing these acute complications. Therefore, establishing comprehensive diabetes protocols can enhance patient outcomes and reduce complications, ensuring timely and effective care in emergency settings. This review aims to explore the spectrum of acute complications associated with diabetes that commonly present in the emergency department, including diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), and severe hypoglycemia. The PubMed and Google Scholar Search Engines were the primary databases used for the search process, with articles collected from 1970 to 2024.