A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CLASSIFICATION, RISK FACTORS, AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF GASTRITIS

Abstract

Background: Gastritis is a multifaceted condition characterized by inflammation of the gastric mucosa, with a wide array of etiologies, risk factors, and pathophysiology. Aim: This review aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the pathophysiology, classification, and risk factors for gastritis, drawing from recent research and clinical insights. Method: The PubMed and Google Scholar Search Engines were the primary databases used for the search process, with articles collected from 1960 to 2024. Conclusion: The risk factors for gastritis are diverse, including infectious agents like H. pylori, irritants, and lifestyle habits such as diet and alcohol. The ABCD classification assesses H. pylori levels and pepsinogen to aid in early detection and management, which is crucial for preventing serious complications, such as gastric cancer. Diagnostic methods, both invasive and non-invasive, are essential for accurately identifying autoimmune and bacterial gastritis, thereby enhancing patient care.