HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCIES AND URGENCIES: A REVIEW OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, DIAGNOSIS, AND ACUTE CARE

Abstract

Hypertensive emergencies and urgencies are critical conditions characterized by severe elevations in blood pressure (BP), with hypertensive emergencies involving acute target organ damage and requiring immediate medical intervention. These conditions are significant due to their potential to cause life-threatening complications if not promptly and appropriately managed. The distinction between hypertensive emergencies and urgencies is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment strategy, which varies significantly between the two conditions. The distinction is essential for effective patient care, while hypertensive emergencies require immediate treatment due to acute organ damage, urgencies permit a more measured approach. The history and examination for these conditions should focus on detecting organ damage and assessing the severity of hypertension to guide management.  Hypertension's pathophysiology involves complex interactions among various systems and damage mechanisms. Understanding these is vital for effective treatment and positive patient outcomes. Emergencies require quick IV medication intervention, while urgencies allow for oral medications and monitoring. Recognizing these differences is crucial for emergency management.