CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT OF POLYCYTHEMIA: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY OF PATIENTS WITH SECONDARY POLYCYTHEMIA AND COMORBID CONDITIONS

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Polycythemia, characterized by elevated hemoglobin (HB) and hematocrit (PCV) levels, can occur as secondary to underlying conditions. Understanding its clinical presentation, comorbidities, and management outcomes is vital for optimizing care. To analyze the clinical characteristics, comorbid conditions, and management strategies of patients diagnosed with secondary polycythemia.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 56 patients diagnosed with secondary polycythemia at a tertiary care center. Demographic data, clinical diagnosis, comorbidities, lifestyle factors (smoking and alcohol use), management details (phlebotomy, hydration), and follow-up outcomes were collected and analyzed.

Results: The mean age of patients was 43 years, with a male predominance (85.7%). Smoking history was present in 40.5% of patients, while alcohol use was noted in 33.3%. The mean hemoglobin level at diagnosis was 18.3 g/dL (SD: 2.9), and the mean PCV was 54.8% (SD: 4.8). Comorbidities included cardiovascular diseases (21.4%), dyslipidemia, and chronic hypoxia. Phlebotomy was performed in 50% of patients, with most receiving 300-350 mL per session. Adequate hydration and pharmacological therapies (e.g., antiplatelet agents) were used in conjunction with phlebotomy. Follow-up data showed significant improvement in HB levels (mean: 16.0 g/dL) and PCV (mean: 45.8%). Imaging findings indicated associations with underlying conditions such as left ventricular dysfunction or abdominal abnormalities.

Conclusion: Secondary polycythemia predominantly affects middle-aged males with smoking as a significant risk factor. Phlebotomy, hydration, and targeted management of comorbidities result in improved clinical outcomes.