EXPLORING DENTAL FEAR AND PHOBIA: CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS, AND IMPACT ON HEALTH AND SOCIETY

Abstract

Dental fear, anxiety, and phobia represent significant psychological barriers that impede access to dental care, leading to adverse oral health outcomes and reduced quality of life. This study explores the etiology, diagnosis, and multifaceted impact of these conditions. Dental fear is characterized as a reaction to a known threat, anxiety as apprehension about the unknown, and phobia as a severe, persistent fear leading to complete avoidance. Causes are multifactorial, including direct traumatic experiences, indirect influences, psychological predispositions, and biological factors. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and standardized instruments such as the MDAS and CFSS-DS. The consequences extend beyond oral health, affecting general health, psychological well-being, social functioning, and economic efficiency. Management strategies encompass behavioral, cognitive, pharmacological, educational, and environmental approaches tailored to individual needs. The article underscores the importance of early intervention, preventive measures, and interdisciplinary collaboration to address dental fear as a critical public health issue.