IMPACT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE INTERACTION WITH GEOLOGICAL LAYERS ON SUBSURFACE SENSING AND IMAGING

Abstract

The role that electromagnetic (EM) waves play on geological layers is highly sensitive to the accuracy and speed of subsurface sensing and imaging technologies. This research aims to analyze geological factors such as soil texture, moisture level, stratification, and mineral content concerning EM wave propagation, attenuation, and reflection. Grounded in microwave remote sensing, electromagnetic induction, and ground penetrating radar (GPR) exploration methods, great care is taken towards exploration method. The research proves through analytical modeling and empirical field work that the dielectric constant and conductivity of the earth materials tremendously impacts the signal strength and its ability to penetrate into the ground. The presence of heterogeneous and anisotropic formations leads to scattering and signal distortion, which makes imaging harder to resolve. Having knowledge of these interactions helps to better interpret geophysical features, such as subsurface features, detecting the anomalies becomes easier, and enhances usage concerning monitoring the environment, evaluating archeological sites, estimating geological infrastructures, and hydrogeology research. The optimization of EM sensing techniques is advanced as they are ionized through the modulation of geophysical parameters to the geological conditions possessed, along with tailored configurations of sensors and geological settings.