SILENT STRUGGLES IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF KALINGA: THE LIVED EXPERIENCES OF CLOSETED LGBTQAI+ PROFESSIONALS AMIDST DOMINANT GENDER NORMS

Abstract

Closeted LGBTQAI+ professionals in rural areas face unique challenges due to deeply ingrained cultural conservatism, rigid gender norms, and systemic discrimination. However, research on their lived experiences remains limited, particularly in non-Western contexts. This study employs a qualitative phenomenological approach to explore the struggles, identity negotiation, and coping mechanisms of 10 closeted LGBTQAI+ professionals in Kalinga, Philippines. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed using thematic phenomenological analysis to uncover key themes. Findings reveal that traditional gender norms and societal expectations compel individuals to suppress their identities, resulting in social isolation, psychological distress, and constrained self-expression. Participants adopt coping mechanisms such as strategic identity concealment, close interpersonal support networks, and engagement in online communities, though these remain insufficient in addressing the systemic challenges they face. The study highlights the urgent need for community-based awareness programs, LGBTQAI+-affirming mental health services, and stronger anti-discrimination policies to foster inclusivity. Thus, expanding the discourse on LGBTQAI+ struggles in rural, non-Western societies, this research provides critical insights for policymakers, educators, and advocacy groups working toward structural reforms and social equity.