A COMPREHENSIVE CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON INTERFACE DERMATITIS

Abstract

Introduction:
Interface dermatitis (ID) is a group of dermatological conditions characterized by alterations at the dermo-epidermal junction. It presents with varied clinical and histopathological features, complicating accurate diagnosis. Conditions such as lichen planus, lupus erythematosus, and drug-induced reactions commonly exhibit interface dermatitis, often displaying overlapping histological characteristics. Establishing a clinicopathological correlation is essential for differentiating these conditions. This study evaluates the role of such correlation in diagnosing interface dermtitis.

Materials and methods:

From 2024 to 2025, Saveetha Medical College in Tamil Nadu conducted this observational cross-sectional study. A total of 42 patients with suspected interface dermatitis were included. Following a comprehensive clinical assessment, punch biopsies were taken from fresh lesions for histopathological examination. SPSS version 26 was utilized for analyzing the data using descriptive statistical techniques.

Results:
Of the 42 clinically suspected cases, 36 were histopathologically confirmed as interface dermatitis. The most prevalent diagnosis was classical lichen planus (30.5%), followed by hypertrophic lichen planus (11%). Clinicopathological correlation was observed in 80% of cases, with 20% showing discordance. Notable histopathological findings included basal cell vacuolation and inflammatory infiltration at the dermo-epidermal junction.

Conclusion:
A precise clinicopathological correlation is necessary for an appropriate diagnosis of the range of diseases that make up interface dermatitis. This study highlights the need to integrate clinical and histological data to ensure the treatment and management of a variety of illnesses.