GREEN SYNTHESIS AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF SELENIUM NANOPARTICLES AND ITS BASED NANOCOMPOSITE - A REVIEW

Abstract

Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have attracted growing attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties and broad-spectrum biomedical activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of SeNPs, with a particular focus on the significance of green synthesis approaches utilizing plant extracts, microbial agents, and other biological resources. Green synthesis offers a sustainable, cost-effective, and biocompatible alternative to conventional chemical methods, resulting in nanoparticles with enhanced therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity. In addition to synthesis strategies, the review explores the biomedical relevance of SeNP-based nanocomposites, highlighting their applications in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering scaffolds, wound healing materials, and targeted cancer therapies. Key findings emphasize the role of SeNPs in regulating oxidative stress, promoting cell regeneration, and enabling smart delivery mechanisms. Finally, the review outlines current challenges in clinical translation such as scalability, standardization, and regulatory compliance while presenting a forward-looking perspective on the future integration of SeNPs into personalized medicine and advanced therapeutic platforms.