STRESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN STUDENTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTES IN THE SOUTHERN BORDER AREA OF ECUADOR

Abstract

In the southern border area of Ecuador, comprising the provinces of Loja, Zamora Chinchipe and El Oro, technological institute students face considerable socio-economic challenges and violence that negatively affect their psychological well-being. This study aims to analyze the levels of perceived stress and psychological discomfort in these students, and to explore how various individual, family and environmental factors contribute to these conditions. A non-experimental quantitative approach was adopted, applying questionnaires to a sample of third-level students. The sample was selected for convenience due to the accessibility of the students. To measure perceived stress and psychological discomfort, two validated scales were used: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) and the Kessler Psychological Discomfort Scale. (K10). Statistical analyses included internal consistency tests and sample suitability assessments to ensure the validity of the results. The findings revealed a high prevalence of stress and psychological discomfort among students, significantly correlated with adverse socio-economic factors. Students high levels of anxiety, depression, and low selfesteem, intensified by insecurity and lack of opportunities in their surroundings. This study highlights the urgent need to implement interventions aimed at reducing stress and psychological discomfort in students at technological institutes in the southern border area of Ecuador. It is essential to develop psychological support programmes, improve socio-economic conditions and create more educational and employment opportunities to ease the burden on these young people and improve their overall well-being. Educational institutions, in collaboration with the government and the community, must work together to create a more favourable environment that promotes mental health and the integral development of students in this region.