IBN KAMMUNA'S APPROACH IN HIS BOOK "TANQIH AL-ABHATH LIL-MILAL AL-THALATH" (EXAMINATION OF THE INQUIRIES INTO THE THREE FAITHS - JUDAISM, CHRISTIANITY, AND ISLAM) IN LIGHT OF THE QUR'AN AND SUNNAH: A CRITICAL ANALYTICAL STUDY

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to clarify: the general characteristics of Ibn Kammuna's approach which he undertook to follow in his book, his presentation of prophethood, explain the method of presentation and rebuttal in Ibn Kammuna's presentation of texts, misconceptions, and assertion within each of the three faiths (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), and to demonstrate the truth of Ibn Kammuna's objectivity and his commitment to the promises he made in the introduction of his book.

Methodology: The researchers followed the descriptive approach in its inductive and analytical method, and the critical approach.

Results: The study reached several results, the most important of which are: First: Ibn Kammuna's acknowledgment of prophethood in the manner of the philosophers. Second: Ibn Kammuna's belief in Judaism according to the Jewish approach, his assertion of the transmission of the Torah and the Law, the absence of abrogation, his interpretation of its texts, and his disavowal of its creed. Third: Ibn Kammuna's adoption of a method of sympathy and fierce defense of Christianity, provided that it is independent of Judaism. Fourth: Ibn Kammuna's fierce stance as an opponent against the Islamic faith. Fifth: Ibn Kammuna's lack of commitment to the approach he claimed to follow in his book's introduction, the most important of which is objectivity.

Recommendations: This study recommends the following: First: Increasing the attention of specialists from Islamic scholars and students of knowledge to the issue of responding to the misconceptions raised by the People of the Book from Jews and Christians. Second: Paying attention to writing theses and dissertations in which a detailed refutation is given to Ibn Kammuna and what he mentioned in his book " Tanqih al-Abhath lil-Milal al-Thalath " as this topic holds significant importance, the material is ample, and the sources are available, God willing.