PEDAGOGICAL STRATEGIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STEM/STEAM APPROACH IN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

This article presents a systematic literature review aimed at identifying pedagogical strategies within the STEM/STEAM approach, which integrates Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics as a response to the educational challenges of the 21st century. The study focused on experiences implemented at the elementary and secondary education levels, considering both practical and methodological interventions. The search was carried out in electronic databases using Boolean operators, automatic filters and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria.  The study made it possible to identify pedagogical strategies implemented in the STEAM approach and the skills promoted in students. Among the most frequent are the use of digital tools and project-based learning. Regarding the skills developed through the STEAM approach, the findings highlight logical thinking and problem solving as key competencies of the 21st century, enhanced through dynamic, contextualized and collaborative learning experiences.

It highlights the need to promote educational policies that ensure technological provision and specific teacher training programs, especially in Colombian educational contexts with economic and technological limitations. It is recommended that greater curricular flexibility and interdisciplinary approaches be promoted.