ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS AND BARRIERS OF POSTPARTUM WEIGHT CHANGES – A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Abstract

Background: Postpartum weight retention (PPWR) is a critical public health concern, contributing to long-term maternal obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG), hormonal changes, and behavioural factors contribute to persistent weight retention, increasing the risk of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This study aims to assess the risk factors and barriers associated with postpartum weight changes among women attending the SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, providing insights into effective postpartum weight management strategies.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included postpartum women meeting the inclusion criteria. A structured 29-item questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics, obstetric history, weight perceptions, dietary behaviours, physical activity, and sleep patterns. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and analysed using SPSS software. The chi-square test was used to determine significant associations between postpartum weight retention and various influencing factors.

Results: The study included 142 participants. The majority (68.79%) were aged 20-29 years, and 54.61% belonged to the middle class. Caesarean delivery (55.32%) was the most common delivery mode. Post-pregnancy BMI analysis revealed that 36.17% of participants were overweight, and 22.70% remained obese. Key barriers to postpartum weight loss included time constraints, stress, emotional eating, and lack of physical activity. Poor sleep quality was also associated with higher weight retention.

Conclusion: Postpartum weight retention is influenced by multiple interrelated factors, including socioeconomic status, delivery mode, dietary behaviours, physical activity levels, and sleep patterns. Addressing these barriers through comprehensive postpartum health programs focusing on nutrition, physical activity, behavioural interventions, and sleep hygiene is crucial for effective weight management and long-term maternal health.