METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE AS A SUSTAINABLE BIOCONTROL AGENT FOR EFFECTIVE INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT

Abstract

Metarhizium anisopliae is a vital fungus employed in microbial pest control to maintain ecological balance. As a non-toxic, eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides, it plays a significant role in integrated pest management. This fungus is highly effective against a wide range of insect pests, including beetles, weevils and other agricultural pests, making it an essential tool for crop protection. The mode of action involves fungal spores attaching to the insect cuticle, germinating and penetrating to cause systemic infections. This leads to the eventual death of the pest while minimizing harm to non-target organisms and beneficial species. It has been applied successfully in various crops, such as sugarcane, cotton and vegetables, demonstrating notable efficacy against pests like root weevils, aphids and caterpillars. Additionally, M. anisopliae has the ability to persist in the soil and colonize plant roots, further enhancing its biocontrol potential. This persistence contributes to long-term pest suppression and reduces the need for repeated applications. Its safety profile for beneficial organisms and the environment highlights its role in reducing pesticide resistance, environmental contamination and adverse effects on non-target species. It aims to enhance its commercialization as a biopesticide by identifying specific genes that differentiate it from closely related species. Despite challenges such as potential resistance and environmental variability, M. anisopliae remains a promising alternative to chemical insecticides, supporting the global shift towards eco-friendly pest management solutions.