AGRO-BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AGAINST INSECT PESTS

Abstract

Bacillus thuringiensis is a biocontrol agent frequently employed in the management of insects in agricultural and forest ecosystems. The toxins of B. thuringiensis are highly selective for parasites, making them safer for the environment. They are frequently used as insecticides in organic cultivation to manage insect infestations. To naturally provide resistance to various insect predators, insecticidal genes are used to genetically modify consumable crops. Due to its insecticidal proteins, which render it an environmentally benign and valuable biopesticide, it has been used in agriculture for an extended period. B. thuringiensis is an insecticide that is particularly effective against a wide range of insect pests in the agricultural and medical sectors. In addition, insect predator resistance of genetically modified crops has been improved through the successful implementation of the B. thuringiensis toxins genes. Its potential as a natural fertilizer for enhancing crop growth, the development of transgenic plants, and other environmentally friendly endeavors. The insecticidal property of the bacterium is attributed to the presence of δ-endotoxins, specifically cry proteins, which are toxic proteins that control the insect population. Additionally, the toxic properties of specific vegetative and expressed insecticide proteins are demonstrated in relation to specific species. This review examines the most recent developments in B. thuringiensis toxins, including their functions, insecticidal activity, and application in agriculture.