COMPREHENSIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILING, ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL, AND ANTICANCER ACTIVITY EVALUATION OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI SEED EXTRACTS

Abstract

Syzygium cumini, a prevalent plant recognised for its therapeutic attributes, was examined for its phytochemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and anticancer effects in seed extracts. Ethanol extracts of Syzygium cumini seeds were made for phytochemical analysis, demonstrating the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, phenols, and carbohydrates. Quantitative examination verified the existence of total flavonoids (2.1 mg of quercetin equivalents per gram) and phenols (6.3 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram). The extract exhibited notable antioxidant activity, achieving a 62.41% DPPH scavenging effect at a concentration of 1000 µg in comparison to ascorbic acid. The catalase activity was quantified at 3.6 mg of hydrogen peroxide consumed per minute, whereas the superoxide dismutase activity was recorded at 11.2 µg of pyrogallol autooxidation inhibition per minute. Non-enzymatic antioxidants comprised tocopherol (0.86 mg/g) and ascorbic acid (7.2 mg/g). The ethanolic seed extract demonstrated significant antioxidant properties in multiple experiments, including DPPH and reducing power assays. Additionally, the anticancer activity was evaluated using the colon cancer cell line HP 29, revealing that the ethanolic extract of Syzygium cumini has substantial anticancer characteristics. The results indicate that Syzygium cumini seed extracts possess significant antioxidant properties and exhibit potential anticancer effects.