THE BIOMECHANICAL ROLE OF PAPILLARY MUSCLE ANGULATION IN CARDIAC FUNCTION AND WELL-BEING AND ITS REHABILITATION STRATEGIES: A REVIEW

Abstract

Aim and Objective of the Study This review investigates the biomechanical function of papillary muscle (PM) angulation in heart health and function. It explores rehabilitation techniques, including pharmacological therapies and exercise regimens, to optimize PM function, enhance cardiac rehabilitation, and improve patient outcomes.

Methodology A comprehensive review of literature from scholarly articles, books, and reputable sources was conducted in the fields of cardiac biomechanics, exercise physiology, and rehabilitation protocols. This analysis provides insight into PM angulation’s impact on cardiac efficiency and potential interventions.

Discussion PM Angulation influences mitral valve function, ventricular contraction, and overall cardiac efficiency. Abnormal angulation can contribute to mitral regurgitation, left ventricular remodelling, and heart failure by disrupting uniform tension distribution and increasing ventricular stress. This impairs cardiac output and exercise tolerance, leading to fatigue, dyspnoea, and reduced aerobic capacity.

Cardiac rehabilitation incorporating aerobic training, resistance exercise, inspiratory muscle training (IMT), and postural correction can improve PM function and cardiovascular health. Supervised aerobic training enhances cardiac output, reduces ventricular remodelling, and improves stroke volume. Resistance training strengthens myocardial efficiency and prevents ventricular dilatation. IMT boosts respiratory function and lowers cardiac workload, while postural training enhances heart efficiency by improving vagal tone and respiratory mechanics. These interventions optimize PM alignment, mitigate mitral regurgitation, and enhance cardiac function.

Conclusion PM mal-angulation adversely affects exercise physiology and heart function, necessitating targeted interventions. Advanced imaging, surgical procedures, and rehabilitation strategies are crucial in optimizing cardiac efficiency. Future research should focus on personalized treatments integrating biomechanics, pharmacological therapies, and exercise-based rehabilitation to improve cardiac outcomes.