COMMUNITY PERCEPTIONS ON VECTOR CONTROL MEASURES IN DENGUE-ENDEMIC AREAS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Abstract

Background: Dengue fever continues to pose a significant public health challenge in India, with vector control serving as the primary preventive strategy in the absence of effective antiviral treatment. Despite ongoing governmental initiatives, community participation remains inconsistent, and the factors shaping these behaviours require further exploration.

Methods: A qualitative exploratory study was conducted in dengue-endemic urban and peri-urban areas of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, between March and April 2024. Purposive sampling was used to recruit adult residents (≥18 years) and key community stakeholders, including Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and local leaders. Data were collected through six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and ten In-Depth Interviews (IDIs), transcribed, translated, and analysed thematically.

Results: Twenty participants (60% female, aged 20–55 years) took part in the study. While most were aware that dengue is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes breeding in stagnant water, knowledge often failed to translate into consistent preventive practices. Barriers identified included infrastructural challenges (irregular water supply, open drains, poor waste disposal), financial constraints limiting access to repellents and nets, seasonal awareness campaigns, and community apathy with reliance on government fogging measures. Misconceptions—such as believing dengue occurs only in rainy seasons or that fogging alone is sufficient—further reduced household action. Facilitators included strong family and neighbourhood support, visible government efforts, and health education through media and ASHAs. Participants suggested sustained awareness campaigns, free distribution of protective materials, and regular monitoring to strengthen vector control.

Conclusion: Community perceptions of dengue control in Chennai reflect a complex interplay of knowledge gaps, socio-structural barriers, and cultural beliefs. Although awareness exists, its translation into sustained preventive action is inadequate. Strengthening year-round community engagement, addressing misconceptions, and integrating health education with infrastructural improvements are essential for sustainable dengue control.