RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS PATIENT IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL- CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT OUTCOME

Abstract

Background: Calculous cholecystitis, an inflammation of the gallbladder due to gallstones, is a common and significant gastrointestinal condition that often presents in patients in tertiary care hospitals. The disease is characterized by the presence of gallstones obstructing the cystic duct, leading to inflammation, infection, and sometimes, severe complications such as gallbladder perforation, empyema, or gangrene. Understanding the clinicopathological features of calculous cholecystitis is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective treatment. The clinical presentation can vary from mild abdominal discomfort to severe acute cholecystitis, necessitating different therapeutic approaches. Analyzing patient demographics, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging results, and histopathological features can provide valuable insights into the disease's progression and outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted at Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, reviewing  the patients who underwent laparoscopic IPOM or E-TEPP between January 2022 and December 2023. The study included Patients presenting with symptomatic

gallstones . Diagnosis of symptomatic gallstones confirmed by imaging studies showing, evidence of calculus cholecystitis.The study excluded Patients with asymptomatic gallstones. Patients with symptomatic gallstones but medically unfit for surgery due to comorbidities. Previous history of cholecystectomy.Patients with alternative diagnoses mimicking gallstone disease.Refusal to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This analysis not only contributes valuable insights into the management of calculus cholecystitis but also informs future approaches to optimize clinical pathways and improve patient

 Results: The oldest patient in this study was 84 years old, and the youngest patient had a higher prevalence of cholecystitis in the third decade. There were 20 (40%) male patients and 30 (60%) female patients. Males made up 20% of ACC patients, while

emales made up 80%. Of the CCC patients, 54% were female and 46% were male. There are 1.5 females for every ale.42.93 years old (SD 15.31) was the average age at presentation. Females were 43.5 (SD 14.1) years old on average. The

average age of the men was 44.35 years (SD 12.35)

Conclusion: This retrospective study at the SMCH provides valuable insights into the clinical profile and management outcomes of symptomatic gallstone disease, particularly highlighting the higher prevalence and clinical presentation in females. The consistent effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in this cohort underscores its role as the preferred treatment modality for such cases. Moving forward, prospective studies with larger sample sizes could further enhance our understanding and optimize management strategies for this common biliary condition.